Acquisitive prescription (adverse possession)
Mode of acquiring ownership or real rights through continuous possession for the legally fixed period. Ordinary: requires just title and good faith (10 years among present parties, 20 among absent for immovable property; 3 years for movables). Extraordinary: only public, peaceful and uninterrupted possession (30 years for immovables; 6 for movables). Basis: legal certainty and effective use of assets.
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Other Civil law terms
The portion of an estate that the law reserves for certain heirs (forced heirs): descendants, ascendants and spouse. It cannot be overridden by will except for legal grounds of disinheritance.
Mortgage clause setting a minimum interest rate, preventing the borrower from benefiting from Euribor drops. Declared abusive due to lack of material transparency (STS 9/5/2013).
Public document granted before a notary by which one person (grantor) authorizes another (agent) to act on their behalf for specific or general legal acts.
Obligation to repair damage caused to another by culpable or negligent action or omission, without a prior contractual relationship. Requires action, damage, causal nexus and fault or negligence.
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