Surety / Personal guarantee
Contract by which the guarantor agrees to pay a third party's debt if they fail to do so. The guarantor has the benefit of excussion (collect from the principal debtor first) and benefit of division (share the debt with other guarantors). Surety may be joint, eliminating these benefits.
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Other Civil law terms
The portion of an estate that the law reserves for certain heirs (forced heirs): descendants, ascendants and spouse. It cannot be overridden by will except for legal grounds of disinheritance.
Mortgage clause setting a minimum interest rate, preventing the borrower from benefiting from Euribor drops. Declared abusive due to lack of material transparency (STS 9/5/2013).
Public document granted before a notary by which one person (grantor) authorizes another (agent) to act on their behalf for specific or general legal acts.
Obligation to repair damage caused to another by culpable or negligent action or omission, without a prior contractual relationship. Requires action, damage, causal nexus and fault or negligence.
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