Absolute nullity / Void ab initio
Original ineffectiveness of a legal act due to breach of a mandatory or prohibitory rule or absence of an essential element. Cannot be ratified, may be raised by anyone, and the judge may assess it ex officio. Not subject to any prescription period.
Other General terms
Extinction of a right or legal action due to the legally established time period expiring without exercise. In criminal law, it extinguishes criminal liability.
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