Easement / Servitude
Real right limiting ownership that imposes a burden on the servient tenement (burdened property) for the benefit of the dominant tenement (benefiting property) or a person. May be predial (right of way, light and views, aqueduct) or personal. Voluntary easements are created by legal act; legal ones, by statute. Right-of-way easements are the most common in litigation.
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Other Civil law terms
The portion of an estate that the law reserves for certain heirs (forced heirs): descendants, ascendants and spouse. It cannot be overridden by will except for legal grounds of disinheritance.
Mortgage clause setting a minimum interest rate, preventing the borrower from benefiting from Euribor drops. Declared abusive due to lack of material transparency (STS 9/5/2013).
Public document granted before a notary by which one person (grantor) authorizes another (agent) to act on their behalf for specific or general legal acts.
Obligation to repair damage caused to another by culpable or negligent action or omission, without a prior contractual relationship. Requires action, damage, causal nexus and fault or negligence.
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