Practical guide to collective redundancy in Spain: causes, numerical thresholds, consultation period, 20 days/year severance, permanence priority and rights of affected workers.
ERE (Expediente de Regulación de Empleo) is the mandatory procedure for collective redundancy under Art. 51 ET. It applies when a company dismisses workers exceeding numerical thresholds within a 90-day period.
| Company size | Threshold |
|---|---|
| < 100 employees | 10+ workers |
| 100-300 employees | 10% of headcount |
| ≥ 300 employees | 30+ workers |
| Full closure | All employees |
Economic (losses or persistent revenue decline over 3+ quarters), technical (changes in production methods/tools), organisational (changes in work methods), or production-related (changes in market demand).
This is the legal minimum. Negotiated agreements frequently exceed this.
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