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Guides to civil, labor, criminal and family procedures. Legal AI and legal technology for lawyers.
25 bar access exam 2025 questions solved with verified case law from CGPJ and BOE. Includes analysis of the most frequent traps and answer logic for each subject area.
Step-by-step guide to calculating unfair dismissal compensation in Spain: formula, caps, FOGASA, tax exemptions, and interim wages.
All limitation and expiration periods for filing lawsuits in Spain: civil, labor, criminal, administrative, and family law.
Learn how to draft a legal complaint per Art. 399 LEC: structure, legal grounds, petition, documents, and mistakes to avoid.
Practical guide to court costs in Spain: loser-pays rule, assessment, challenging excessive costs, costs in different proceedings.
All free case law sources in Spain: CENDOJ, BOE, Constitutional Court, HUDOC, EUR-Lex, with advanced search tips.
Complete guide to forming an SL in Spain: minimum capital (EUR 3,000), bylaws, public deed, Commercial Registry filing, tax ID, fiscal obligations, express formation, and director regimes.
Complete guide to shareholder agreements in Spain: tag-along, drag-along, anti-dilution, pre-emption rights, lock-up, non-compete, distinction from bylaws, and Supreme Court case law.
Complete guide to tax inspections in Spain: procedure, maximum duration (18/27 months), taxpayer rights, inspection reports (agreement, disagreement), penalties, appeals, and statute of limitations.
Practical guide to personal income tax for self-employed lawyers in Spain: deductible expenses (rent, bar dues, training, vehicle, meals), simplified vs standard direct estimation, quarterly payments, and binding tax rulings.
Complete guide to intestate succession in Spain: order of succession, spouse rights, forced shares, procedures, taxes and legal deadlines.
Complete guide to claiming traffic accident compensation in Spain: 2024 valuation scale, deadlines, documentation, insurance negotiation and judicial routes.
Practical guide to asset seizure: types of seizures, order of priority, exempt assets, how to challenge and legal defense strategies.
Complete guide to home and auto insurance claims in Spain: deadlines, documentation, denials, judicial claims and policyholder rights.
Complete guide to appealing traffic fines: allegations, administrative appeal, contentious-administrative route, common defenses and legal deadlines.
Complete guide to compensatory pensión in Spanish divorce: Art. 97 CC requirements, calculation factors, duration, modification and termination with recent case law.
Updated guide to guardianship, curatorship, and support measures for persons with disabilities under Law 8/2021: new system, judicial procedure, role of the Public Prosecutor, and self-appointed curatorship.
Complete guide to floor clauses: what they are, Supreme Court doctrine (STS 9/5/2013), full retroactivity (CJEU C-154/15), claims procedure, and calculation of amounts.
Complete guide to revolving credit cards: Supreme Court usury doctrine (STS 4/3/2020), APR thresholds, how to claim contract nullity, and recover excess interest paid.
Complete guide to marital property regimes in Spain: community property, separation of assets, participation, liquidation, debts, and regime changes.
Practical guide to the Horizontal Property Act: owners meetings, quorums, delinquent neighbors, common expenses, levies, challenging agreements, and community works.
Guide on multi-currency mortgages: how they work, exchange rate risks, Supreme Court and CJEU doctrine, claim procedures, and nullity for lack of transparency.
Guide on cybercrime in Spain: phishing, computer fraud (Arts. 248-249 CP), identity theft, how to file a report, preserve digital evidence, and key case law.
Basic IP guide for lawyers: trademark registration at the OEPM, patents, copyright, trade secrets, and enforcement actions.
Complete immigration law guide for Spain: residence and work permits, arraigo social and laboral, family reunification, NIE, EU citizens vs third-country nationals.
Updated guide with average lawyer fees in Spain by specialty: civil, criminal, labor, tax, corporate and family law. Includes pricing factors and how to budget your legal case.
Complete guide to criminal statute of limitations in Spain under Art. 131 of the Penal Code. Practical tables by offense severity, special rules for minors, terrorism, and genocide, plus interruption rules.
Complete guide to forced inheritance shares in Spain. Legitimate heirs (Art. 806-822 CC), thirds of the estate, disinheritance (Art. 853 CC), and special rules by autonomous community.
Complete guide to power of attorney types in Spain. General vs special, apud acta, preventive power (Art. 256 CC). When to use each, costs, revocation, and formal requirements.
Complete guide to family mediation in Spain. Law 5/2012, when mediation is mandatory, cost vs litigation, step-by-step process, advantages, and mediation services by autonomous community.
Complete guide to expert evidence in Spain. Court-appointed vs party experts, costs, cross-examination, Arts. 335-352 LEC.
Practical guide to the Spanish Property Registry. Nota simple, certification, registration principles, digital access, and costs. Arts. 32-34 Mortgage Law.
Definitive guide to prepare for the 2026 Spanish Bar Exam. Structure, highest-weight areas, study strategy, and how to use legal AI to practise with verified case law.
Practical guide for lawyers: legal interest rate (3.25%), procedural default Art. 576 LEC (5.25%) and LATE interest (ECB + 8pp). Includes free calculator and 2002-2026 rate table.
Complete guide to forming an SL in Spain after the RDL 19/2022 reform: share capital from 1 EUR, name reservation, public deed, tax ID, Commercial Registry filing, CIRCE one-stop shop, and common mistakes.
Complete guide to commercial leasing in Spain: LAU Arts. 29-35 legal regime, duration, rent review (CPI vs agreed), assignment and transfer, goodwill indemnity, community expenses, early termination, and differences from residential leases.
Complete guide to unfair clauses in Spanish banking contracts: floor clauses (STS 9/5/2013), IRPH, mortgage expenses, opening fees, early termination, default interest. CJEU and Supreme Court case law. Limitation periods and claims procedure.
Complete guide to AEAT tax inspections: procedure initiation, development, maximum deadline (18 months extendable to 27), taxpayer rights (legal assistance, non-self-incrimination, copy of the record), types of assessment records, and available appeals.
25 bar access exam 2024 questions solved with verified case law. Covers the hardest blocks: civil procedure, criminal law, constitutional law and professional ethics.
Tax guide for self-employed lawyers: deductible expenses for Spanish income tax 2026 (office, technology, training, vehicle, insurance), how to document them for AEAT and common mistakes to avoid.
Everything you need to know about LexNET in 2026: how to access, file briefs, remedy notifications and fix the most common errors with digital certificate and Cl@ve system.
Practical guide on VeriFactu (RD 1007/2023) for law firms and legal professionals: mandatory deadlines, system requirements, invoice issuance and how to comply.
Complete guide to civil cassation before Spain’s Supreme Court (Chamber I): access requirements, statutory grounds, 20-day deadline, preparation and procedure after Law 37/2011.
Practical guide to essential clauses in a Spanish residential tenancy agreement: duration, deposit, rent updates (CPI), extensions, eviction and void clauses under the LAU and Law 12/2023.
Complete guide to Spanish Inheritance Tax (ISD): regional allowances by autonomous community, filing deadlines, forced heirs, primary residence deduction and legal strategies to minimise the tax burden.
Comparison of sole trader vs Spanish Limited Liability Company (SL) in 2026: tax, liability, costs, and when the switch actually pays off.
Everything a Spanish rental contract must include in 2026: LAU, Law 12/2023 Housing Act, IRAV index, mandatory extension, deposit, void clauses, and how to protect yourself.
Complete guide to permanent disability in Spain: partial, total, absolute and full disability. Contribution requirements, pensión percentages, recognition process and appeals to INSS.
Analysis of fixed-term contracts after the RDL 32/2021 labour reform: presumption of permanent employment, new production circumstances contract, replacement contract, chain employment and penalties.
Complete guide to calculating a Spanish finiquito: unpaid days, unused vacation, proportional bonuses and severance. With formulas and a table of rates by termination type.
Practical guide to Transfer Tax (ITP) and Stamp Duty (AJD) on Spanish property purchases in 2026. Rates by region, second-hand vs new builds, reduced rates and who pays mortgage AJD.
Complete guide to the Spanish widow/er pensión: eligibility, regulatory base, percentages (52%/70%), IRPF and compatibility with work and other pensions. Updated 2026.
Analysis of the Working Time Reduction Law: reduction from 40 to 37.5 hours/week, collective bargaining adaptation deadlines, enhanced time registration and LISOS penalties.
Practical guide to collective redundancy in Spain: causes, numerical thresholds, consultation period, 20 days/year severance, permanence priority and rights of affected workers.
Complete guide to the 2025 Spanish income tax return: deadlines (April-July 2026), who must file, main deductions, how to review the draft and what to do if you owe or are owed.
Complete guide to calculating the contributory retirement pensión in Spain in 2026: regulatory base, percentage, access age, contribution gaps and online simulator.
Complete legal guide to disinheritance in Spain: statutory grounds in the Civil Code, effects on the forced share, unjust disinheritance and its challenge, and how to draft the will.
Complete comparison between self-employment and salaried work in Spain 2026: self-employed quota, income tax, social contributions, social protection, tax risks and Labour Inspectorate criteria.
Complete guide to workplace accidents in Spain: legal definition (Art. 156 LGSS), employer obligations in the first 24 hours, accident reports, benefit surcharge (30-50%), civil and criminal liability, and social security benefits.
Guide to mutual termination of employment contracts in Spain (Art. 49.1.a ET): differences from voluntary resignation and dismissal, what you receive, unemployment benefit entitlement, tax implications and how to negotiate correctly.
Complete guide to tort liability in Spain (Art. 1902 CC): elements, types of damage (actual loss, lost profit, moral), burden of proof, limitation periods, judicial procedure and compensation quantification.
Guide to compensatory pensión in Spanish divorce (Art. 97 CC): who qualifies, how the judge sets it, indicative amounts, temporary vs lifetime duration, extinction grounds and tax treatment. Updated with Supreme Court doctrine 2024-2025.
Complete guide to wills in Spain: open, closed and holographic wills, formal requirements, forced heirship, disinheritance and notary costs in 2026.
Everything about shared custody in Spain: Supreme Court criteria, parenting plan, child maintenance, family home and how to apply for it.
Complete guide to disciplinary dismissal: legal grounds in the Workers Statute, dismissal letter, classification as fair, unfair or void, compensation and claim deadlines.
Updated guide to residential leases: minimum term after the 2023 Housing Act, deposit, rent updates, eviction, and tenant and landlord rights.
Complete guide to Spanish matrimonial property regimes: community property (Arts. 1344-1410 CC), separation of assets (Arts. 1435-1444 CC) and participation. Advantages, disadvantages, tax implications and how to change the regime via prenuptial agreement.
Athletes can assign their image rights to a company for tax advantages. We analyse Art. 92 LIRPF, the 85% limit, the 24% withholding on international assignments and simulation risks.
Law 26/2007 transposes Directive 2004/35/EC and establishes objective liability for operators of hazardous activities. We analyse types of environmental damage, remediation measures and the administrative procedure.
Law 7/2022 on waste and contaminated soil for a circular economy modernises the Spanish waste regime. We analyse obligations for producers, managers, extended producer responsibility (EPR) and the sanctioning regime.
Complete guide to commercial property leases in Spain: LAU regime, duration, rent, assignment, works, eviction and differences with residential leases.
Guide to LO 1/2004 gender violence: how to get a protection order, criminal and civil measures, employment rights, free legal aid and economic benefits.
Practical guide to traffic accident claims: procedure, deadlines, 2026 injury scale (Law 35/2015), whiplash, personal damages, lost income and Motor Insurance Guarantee Fund.
Legal guide to absolute nullity, voidability and rescission under the Spanish Civil Code: grounds, caducidad periods, effects and restitution of performances.
Complete guide to medical malpractice claims in Spain: civil, criminal and patrimonial routes. Causal link, lex artis, healthcare scale and limitation periods.
Complete guide to adoption in Spain: adoptive parent suitability, judicial process, international adoption under the Hague Convention and legal effects.
Guide to Organic Law 1/2004 (LOIVG): criminal and civil precautionary measures, restraining orders, communication ban and risk assessment protocol (VPR 5.0).
Practical guide to trademark and patent protection in Spain: registration at OEPM, EU trademark (EUIPO), infringement actions, deadlines and differences between intellectual and industrial property.
What the NIE is, how to obtain it, difference between NIE and TIE, EU vs. non-EU residence, social rootedness, digital nomad visa and family reunification.
Differences between voluntary resignation and dismissal in Spain: settlement, unemployment benefit, notice period, constructive dismissal and when to negotiate an agreed exit.
Everything about the fixed-discontinuous contract in Spain 2026: what it is, when it applies, worker rights, call-up, ERTE, unemployment benefit and differences from project contracts.
Complete guide to work permits in Spain for foreigners: employed, self-employed, highly qualified, digital nomad, labour rootedness and new Startups Law visas.
Complete guide to free legal aid in Spain: income requirements, how to apply through the Bar Association, what services are covered and when you may lose it.
Everything about special assessments in Spanish homeowners associations: when mandatory, how to challenge, payment deadlines and consequences of non-payment. Based on the LPH and Supreme Court case law.
What happens legally when a married couple separates without going to court in Spain: community property, inheritance, social security, household expenses and how to protect yourself.
Everything about the Spain 2025 Income Tax Return: who must file, deadlines, tax changes, deductions, minimums, investment gains and how to file with AEAT.
What to do when an inheritance has more debts than assets: heir options (pure acceptance, benefit of inventory, renunciation), deadlines, tax consequences and paulian action.
How to form an SLU in Spain in 2026: minimum capital, steps, corporate tax advantages vs self-employed IRPF, limited liability and corporate veil piercing.
Guide to collective redundancies (ERE) in Spain: Art. 51 ET thresholds, ETOP grounds, consultation period, 20-day severance, priority of permanence and challenging a null ERE.
How to file a criminal appeal in Spain: deadlines, grounds, competent courts, suspensive effect and differences between sentencia and auto appeals. Based on the reformed LECrim.
How to exercise the victim direct action against the insurer of the responsible party: deadlines, necessary co-defendants, opposable defences and Supreme Court case law.
Art. 52.d of the Workers Statute allows dismissal for repeated absences even if justified. Analysis of the legal percentage, computation exclusions and TS case law after the CJEU ruling.
When a contract can be modified or terminated due to changed circumstances: the 5 Supreme Court requirements, post-COVID application and commercial lease contracts.
Complete guide to the new disability regulation in Spain under Law 8/2021: replacement of guardianship by curatela, support measures, judicial procedure and review.
Guide for workplace harassment victims in Spain: types of mobbing, how to prove it, complaint to the Labour Inspectorate, labour court claim and recognition as occupational accident.
Analysis of the right of way easement in the Spanish Civil Code: landlocked property, compensation, width, judicial constitution, extinction and distinction from other easements.
Analysis of community property (arts. 1344-1410 CC) and separation of property (arts. 1435-1444 CC) in Spain: private vs. community assets, liquidation, debts and Catalan regime vs. common law.
Complete guide to compensatory pensión under art. 97 CC: economic imbalance, quantification factors, temporary vs. indefinite pensión, extinction by remarriage/cohabitation and Supreme Court case law.
Complete guide to wills in Spain: open notarial will (art. 694 CC), holographic will (arts. 688-693 CC), sealed will, forced heirs and testamentary capacity.
Analysis of maintenance obligations between relatives under art. 142 CC: broad concept, order of obligors, proportionality (need+capacity), provisional maintenance, adult children maintenance and extinction.
Everything you need to know about residential tenancies in Spain: duration, rent, deposit, abusive clauses and tenant rights under the reformed LAU.
Practical guide on mobbing in Spain: legal concept, constitutive conduct, evidence, judicial actions and Supreme Court criteria.
Guide to intestate succession in Spain: order of heirs, surviving spouse rights, representation and collation, with reference to the Civil Code.
Practical guide to personal income tax in the Basque Historical Territories: Economic Agreement, rate differences, exclusive deductions, and fiscal domicile rules.
Analysis of the Aragonese widowhood right (Arts. 271-301 CDFA): universal usufruct over the entire estate versus the limited usufruct of the improvement third under the Civil Code.
Analysis of the separation-of-assets regime under Book II CCC versus the community-property regime of the Civil Code. Impact on divorce, inheritance, and family business.
Analysis of the Navarrese succession system: 596 laws of the Fuero Nuevo, symbolic forced share of 5 carlines sueldos and a plot of land, and its estate-planning implications.
How a corporate legal department can use legal AI for compliance: contract management, internal regulations, whistleblowing channel, corporate minutes and compliance auditing.
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